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A push poll is an interactive marketing technique, most commonly employed during political campaigning, in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of voters under the guise of conducting a poll. In a push poll, large numbers of voters are contacted briefly (often less than 60 seconds), and little or no effort is made to collect and analyze response data. Instead, the push poll is a form of telemarketing-based propaganda and rumor mongering, masquerading as a poll. Push polls may rely on innuendo or knowledge gleaned from opposition research on an opponent. Push polls are generally viewed as a form of negative campaigning.〔(Pollster.com: So What *Is * A Push Poll? )〕 Indeed, the term is commonly (and confusingly) used in a broader sense to refer to legitimate polls that aim to test negative political messages.〔Feld, K. G. (2000). What are push polls, anyway? Campaign & Elections, 21(4, May), 62-63, 70. Feld, K. G. (2003). Push polls: What are they? In: Winning Elections (R. A. Faucheux, editor), pages 184 - 189. new York: M. Evans & Co. ISBN 1590770269.〕 Future usage of the term will determine whether the strict or broad definition becomes the most favored definition. However, in all such polls, the pollster asks leading questions or suggestive questions that "push" the interviewee towards adopting an unfavourable response towards the political candidate. Legislation in Australia's Northern Territory defined push-polling as any activity conducted as part of a telephone call made, or a meeting held, during the election period for an election, that: (a) is, or appears to be, a survey (for example, a telephone opinion call or telemarketing call); and (b) is intended to influence an elector in deciding his or her vote.〔(/ Northern Territory Electoral Act, Section 271: Offence relating to push-polling. )〕 Push polling has been condemned by the American Association of Political Consultants〔http://www.theaapc.org/about/pushpolling/〕 and the American Association for Public Opinion Research.〔(AAPOR | AAPOR Statement on "Push" Polls )〕 == Origin of push polling == Richard Nixon was one of push polling's pioneers. In his very first campaign, a successful 1946 run for the U.S. House against Democrat incumbent Jerry Voorhis, Democratic voters throughout the district reported receiving telephone calls that began: "This is a friend of yours, but I can't tell you who I am. Did you know that Jerry Voorhis is a communist?" (he wasn't) – at which point the caller hung up. A citizen later came forward admitting that she worked for Nixon for $9 a day, in a telephone-bank room where the attack calls were made.〔Sabato, Larry J. (1996). When push comes to poll. Washington Monthly, June, volume 28 (6), pages 26 - 31.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「push poll」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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